嵌入式之固件合并

使用`srec_cat`

操作步骤

下载
安装
配置环境变量（选做）
将app.bin与boot.bin放在./srecord/bin目录下
打开命令提示符

固件合并

1	srec_cat -output "merge.bin" -binary "boot.bin" -binary -fill 0xff 0x0000 0x3000 "app.bin" -binary -offset 0x3000

命令解释如下

-output "merge.bin" –> 指定生成的文件名
"boot.bin" –> boot文件名
-fill 0xff 0x0000 0x3000 –> 从0x0000到0x3000填充0xff
"app.bin" –> app文件名
-offset 0x3000 –> app文件起始地址

放入/bin目录下的固件名要与指令中的固件名对应

注2：根据自身需要修改命令

hex转bin

1	srec_cat.exe APP.hex -intel -offset -0x08003000 -o APP.bin -binary

bin转hex

1	srec_cat.exe APP.bin -binary -offset 0x08003000 -o APP.hex -intel

使用`Jlink`的`JFlash`

访问JLink官网，下载Windows版本

1	File -> Open data file... -> Enter start address （输入你bootloader在Flash中的起始地址，我这儿为 0x08000000）-> OK

然后

1	File -> Merge data file... -> Enter start address （输入你app在Flash中的起始地址，我这儿为 0x08003000）-> OK

然后就可以通过JFlash烧录进板子了，如下：

1	Target -> Connect -> Production Programming

当然，也可以导出合并后的固件，如下：

1	File -> Save data file as... -> 选择存放位置 -> 填入固件名 -> 选择固件类型为bin -> 保存 -> 出现Enter start address，不用管，点击OK就行

自己写C程序进行合并

直接VSCode编译运行即可

优点是：可以直接将需要的标志位写入，自定义程度高。

注：也可以不要配置文件，直接在程序中写死也行

配置文件

[Boot Path]
BootLoader.bin

[APP Path]
APP.bin

C程序

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <windows.h>

#define OUTPUT_PATH      "Merge.bin"
#define CONFIG_INI_PATH  "config.ini"

#define PATH_SIZE        (128)
#define BOOT_START_ADDR  (0X08000000)
#define FLAG_OF_OTA_ADDR (0X08004FF0)
#define APP1_START_ADDR  (0X08005000)
#define APP2_START_ADDR  (0x08012800) // (FLASH_END_ADDR - APP1_START_ADDR) / 2 + APP1_START_ADDR
#define FLASH_END_ADDR   (0X08020000)

static int  read_config_line(FILE* file, char* buffer, size_t size, const char* error_msg);
static void fill_with_pattern(FILE* file, unsigned int* address, unsigned int end_addr, unsigned char pattern);
static void write_ota_flags(FILE* file, unsigned int* address);

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    unsigned int boot_address = BOOT_START_ADDR;
    unsigned int app1_address = APP1_START_ADDR;
    unsigned int app2_address = APP2_START_ADDR;

    char        boot_name[PATH_SIZE] = {0};
    char        app_name[PATH_SIZE]  = {0};
    const char* output_name          = OUTPUT_PATH;

    // 打开配置文件
    FILE* config_file = fopen(CONFIG_INI_PATH, "r");
    if (config_file == NULL)
    {
        perror("无法打开配置文件!");
        return 1;
    }

    // 读取Boot路径
    if (read_config_line(config_file, boot_name, PATH_SIZE, "未找到[Boot Path]!") != 0)
    {
        fclose(config_file);
        return 1;
    }

    // 读取Boot文件名
    if (read_config_line(config_file, boot_name, PATH_SIZE, "未找到Boot二进制文件!") != 0)
    {
        fclose(config_file);
        return 1;
    }

    // 跳过空行直到找到APP路径
    while (fgets(app_name, PATH_SIZE, config_file) != NULL)
    {
        if (strstr(app_name, "[APP Path]") != NULL)
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    // 读取APP文件名
    if (read_config_line(config_file, app_name, PATH_SIZE, "未找到APP二进制文件!") != 0)
    {
        fclose(config_file);
        return 1;
    }

    fclose(config_file);

    printf("Boot文件: %s\nApp文件: %s\n", boot_name, app_name);

    // 打开Boot文件
    FILE* boot_file = fopen(boot_name, "rb");
    if (boot_file == NULL)
    {
        perror("无法打开Boot文件!");
        return 1;
    }

    // 打开App文件
    FILE* app_file = fopen(app_name, "rb");
    if (app_file == NULL)
    {
        perror("无法打开App文件!");
        fclose(boot_file);
        return 1;
    }

    // 获取文件大小
    fseek(boot_file, 0, SEEK_END);
    long boot_size = ftell(boot_file);
    rewind(boot_file);
    printf("Boot大小: %ld 字节\n", boot_size);

    fseek(app_file, 0, SEEK_END);
    long app_size = ftell(app_file);
    rewind(app_file);
    printf("App大小: %ld 字节\n", app_size);

    // 创建输出文件
    FILE* output_file = fopen(output_name, "wb");
    if (output_file == NULL)
    {
        perror("无法创建合并文件!");
        fclose(boot_file);
        fclose(app_file);
        return 1;
    }

    // 写入Boot内容
    unsigned char byte;
    while (fread(&byte, 1, 1, boot_file) == 1)
    {
        if (boot_address > APP1_START_ADDR)
        {
            printf("错误: Boot文件过大\n");
            fclose(boot_file);
            fclose(app_file);
            fclose(output_file);
            return 1;
        }
        fwrite(&byte, 1, 1, output_file);
        boot_address++;
    }

    // 填充到OTA标志区域
    fill_with_pattern(output_file, &boot_address, FLAG_OF_OTA_ADDR, 0xFF);

    // 写入OTA标志
    write_ota_flags(output_file, &boot_address);

    // 写入第一个App副本
    rewind(app_file);
    while (fread(&byte, 1, 1, app_file) == 1)
    {
        if (app1_address > APP2_START_ADDR)
        {
            printf("错误: APP文件过大\n");
            fclose(boot_file);
            fclose(app_file);
            fclose(output_file);
            return 1;
        }
        fwrite(&byte, 1, 1, output_file);
        app1_address++;
    }

    // 填充到第二个App区域
    fill_with_pattern(output_file, &app1_address, APP2_START_ADDR, 0xFF);

    // 写入第二个App副本
    rewind(app_file);
    while (fread(&byte, 1, 1, app_file) == 1)
    {
        if (app2_address > FLASH_END_ADDR)
        {
            printf("错误: APP文件过大\n");
            break;
        }
        fwrite(&byte, 1, 1, output_file);
        app2_address++;
    }

    // 获取合并后文件大小
    fseek(output_file, 0, SEEK_END);
    long merge_size = ftell(output_file);
    rewind(output_file);
    printf("合并文件大小: %ld 字节 (%.2f KB)\n", merge_size, merge_size / 1024.0);

    // 校验大小
    long expected_size = (APP2_START_ADDR - BOOT_START_ADDR) + app_size;
    if (merge_size != expected_size)
    {
        printf("合并失败!\n");
        printf("实际大小: %ld, 预期大小: %ld\n", merge_size, expected_size);
    }

    // 关闭文件
    fclose(boot_file);
    fclose(app_file);
    fclose(output_file);

    printf("合并完成, 已生成文件: '%s'\n", output_name);
    return 0;
}

// 从配置文件读取一行并去除换行符
static int read_config_line(FILE* file, char* buffer, size_t size, const char* error_msg)
{
    while (fgets(buffer, size, file) != NULL)
    {
        // 去除换行符
        char* newline = strchr(buffer, '\n');
        if (newline)
        {
            *newline = '\0';
        }

        // 跳过空行
        if (buffer[0] != '\0' && buffer[0] != '\r')
        {
            return 0;
        }
    }

    printf("%s\n", error_msg);
    return 1;
}

// 用指定模式填充到目标地址
static void fill_with_pattern(FILE* file, unsigned int* address, unsigned int end_addr, unsigned char pattern)
{
    while (*address < end_addr)
    {
        fwrite(&pattern, 1, 1, file);
        (*address)++;
    }
}

// 写入OTA标志
static void write_ota_flags(FILE* file, unsigned int* address)
{
    // 无FCT升级任务标志
    fill_with_pattern(file, address, FLAG_OF_OTA_ADDR + 4, 0x5A);

    // 无需备份标志
    fill_with_pattern(file, address, FLAG_OF_OTA_ADDR + 8, 0xBA);

    // APP正在运行标志
    fill_with_pattern(file, address, FLAG_OF_OTA_ADDR + 12, 0x00);

    // 无红外升级任务标志
    fill_with_pattern(file, address, FLAG_OF_OTA_ADDR + 16, 0x5A);
}